An advancement in reproductive technology has created new paternity conflicts that end up in court. When a woman has saved frozen fertilized embryos but the potential father no longer wants to have a child, does the woman still have a right to use the embryos? This situation can arise when spouses divorce, a couple breaks up or the sperm donor changes his mind. State courts have in some cases allowed the women use the embryos, despite the prospective father’s objection. A verbal agreement can be enough to enforce a woman's right to the embryos.

Frozen Fertilized Embryos

Cryopreservation of fertilized embryos has existed for decades, but the survival rate of the embryos has increased in recent years. Women choose to freeze their embryos because:

One of the greatest inequities in the ongoing abortion debate is the male partner's right to opt out of parenthood. While a pregnant woman can choose whether she wants to terminate a pregnancy or not, her male partner does not have this option. Naturally, this is upsetting to many men, especially those who have been in situations where they wanted their pregnant partners to abort but instead became fathers against their will. 

So what are your options if you do not want to become a father? You do have the right to relinquish your parental rights to the child. In fact, if you are not married to your partner, you do not have to acknowledge any right to the child in the first place by opting not to sign the birth certificate. If you find yourself in a situation where your partner is pregnant and you do not want to be a father, you need to have a serious discussion with her about your expectations and your plans regarding your role, if any, in the child's life. Although you cannot force a woman to terminate or keep a pregnancy, you can certainly voice your opinions to her about it. You can also work with an Illinois paternity lawyer to determine your rights as an individual who has voluntarily relinquished his parental rights.

Opting Out of Signing the Birth Certificate

Among the amendments to the Illinois Parentage Act that went into effect in January 2016, new guidelines were established to determine whether using DNA testing to determine paternity is in a child's best interest. This is because state lawmakers recognized that being a child's parent involves more than shared DNA, such as an established relationship and a history of supporting the child's personal needs. But this does not eliminate the value that genetic testing can have in cases where a child's parentage is disputed. Much like the set of factors used to determine the right parenting time arrangement for a child after his or her parents divorce, the court relies on the following set of 10 factors to determine whether a DNA test would be beneficial in a given paternity dispute.

Denial of a Motion for a DNA Test

These factors exist because under the revised law, the court has the right to deny a motion from a parent or alleged parent to use DNA testing to determine a child's paternity. The factors considered are as follows:

In 2015, new legislation was passed that overhauled Illinois' existing laws about property division in a divorce, grandparents' rights, and the ways we discuss child custody and parentage. These changes were designed to make the law better reflect today's realities for Illinois families: generally, both parents take an active role in raising their child, and not every family is headed by a heterosexual married couple. This final point was considered as the amendments to the Illinois Parentage Act were written.

Today, the language in the Act is gender-neutral, reflecting the fact that many children today grow up with same sex parents. Other amendments were made this this in mind, such as the circumstances under which an individual is assumed to be a child's parent. Consult with an experienced family attorney to determine your legal rights in accordance with these changes.

Who Is Presumed to Be a Child's Parent?

If you are involved in a paternity-related legal case, whether you are a mother who wants to prove her child's paternity or a man who wants to establish legal paternity rights to his child, there are a few key terms to know and understand. Although paternity might seem like a simple concept, it can become complicated from a legal perspective. If you have questions about your legal rights as a mother or a father in Illinois and how you can establish paternity of your child, work with an experienced Illinois paternity attorney.

Who Is a Legal Father?

A legal father is the father who has legal parental rights to a child. This includes the right to make “big” decisions on the child's behalf, such as decisions about the child's medical care or schooling, as well as the right to seek court-ordered parenting time with the child and child support from the child's other parent to cover the expenses related to raising the child.